Lab 1: Introduction to Unix and Emacs
Unix/Linux Commands
As described in the previous slide, you may run linux on your local
workstation or log onto gl.umbc.edu. For today's lab we're going to login as
you would from home.
You'll have to use the ssh command to log into gl.umbc.edu.
- Right-click on the desktop background to open a terminal.
- At the linux shell, type
ssh gl.umbc.edu.
- Then type your password to login.
When you first login to your account you will be in your home
directory. To see the names of the directories and files that are already in
your home directory, type ls:
linux3[1]% ls
Desktop Mail mail
linux3[2]%
ls stands for ``list'', it lists the items in the current
directory. You should see mail and possibly some other files and
directories. Directories are like folders in Windows. You should create
directories as needed to keep your files orderly. Make a directory called
201 by typing the command mkdir 201. Then, type
ls and you'll see the name of the directory you've just created.
linux3[2]% mkdir 201
linux3[3]% ls
201 Desktop Mail mail
linux3[4]%
To change into the 201 directory, type cd 201. Now
type ls.
linux3[4]% cd 201
linux3[5]% ls
linux3[6]%
Notice ls did not give any output. That means that there are no
files in this directory. Now make a directory for your homeworks in this
201 directory, by typing
mkdir homeworks. Then type ls to see the results.
linux3[6]% mkdir homeworks
linux3[7]% ls
homeworks
linux3[8]%
Since there will be 8 homeworks, we should make a directory for each of them
in the homeworks directory. First we'll have to change into the
homeworks directory.
linux3[8]% cd homeworks
linux3[9]% mkdir hw1
linux3[10]% mkdir hw2
linux3[11]% mkdir hw3
linux3[12]% mkdir hw4
linux3[13]% mkdir hw5
linux3[14]% mkdir hw6
linux3[15]% mkdir hw7
linux3[16]% mkdir hw8
linux3[17]% ls
hw1 hw2 hw3 hw4 hw5 hw6 hw7 hw8
linux3[18]%
Now we want to go back up to the 201 directory. Typing
cd .. will move us up one level in the directory tree, which
will take us up to the 201 directory. We'll want to make a
projects directory too.
linux3[18]% cd ..
linux3[19]% mkdir projects
linux3[20]% ls
homeworks projects
linux3[21]%
The cp command allows you to make a copy of a file or directory
and give it a different name. Let's make a copy of this file and call it copy.py Type
cp original.py copy.py Then, type ls to see that
you have two files now, one called original.py and one called
copy.py
linux3[23]% cp original.py copy.py
linux3[24]% ls
copy.py homeworks original.py projects
linux3[25]%
The mv command allows you to move a file and/or change a file's
name.
Type mv copy.py same.py. Then, type ls to see that
the files are now called original.py and same.py.
linux3[25]% mv copy.py same.py
linux3[26]% ls
homeworks original.py projects same.py
linux3[27]%
The rm command allows us to remove or delete a file. Type
rm same.py You may be prompted to make sure that you really
do want to delete this file. Answer with a lower case y. If you
then type ls, you will notice that the file same.py
no longer exists.
linux3[27]% rm same.py
rm: remove `same.py'? y
linux3[28]% ls
homeworks original.py projects
linux3[29]%
We have used the cd command before to move into subdirectories by
typing cd and the directory name. We've used cd with
the .. to move up to the parent directory (up one level). Using
the cd command alone, without a directory name following it or the
.., will take you to your home directory. Type cd
and then ls and you should recognize the files that are in your
home directory.
linux3[29]% cd
linux3[30]% ls
201 Desktop Mail mail
linux3[31]%
The pwd command tells you your current directory. It stands for
``print the working directory''. Type pwd and you will see
the full path to your home directory. Mine is
/afs/umbc.edu/users/s/l/slupoli/home and yours will be similar.
linux3[31]% pwd
/afs/umbc.edu/users/j/m/jmccla3/home/
linux3[32]%
Now let's change directory into our homeworks directory by
typing
cd 201/homeworks Typing pwd will reveal what the
full path to this directory is
/afs/umbc.edu/users/ ... /home/201/homeworks
linux3[32]% cd 201/homeworks
linux3[33]% pwd
/afs/umbc.edu/users/j/m/jmccla3/home/201/homeworks
linux3[34]%
Once you understand how to move around, you can give more complicated commands
like, for example,
cp fileheader.py ../proj2/
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