Oracle8 Server Distributed Database Systems
Release 8.0

A54653_01

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A

abort message, 3-4
access
remote integrity constraints and objects,
5-3
administration
distributed databases, 2-1
Agent
setting up, 7-5
Agents, 6-6
Agent-specific initialization parameters, 7-7
aggregates, 2-25
ALL
data dictionary view, 2-19
ALTER SESSION
system privilege, 5-3
ALTER SESSION command
ADVISE option, 3-22
CLOSE DATABASE LINK option, 5-2
ALTER SYSTEM command
DISABLE DISTRIBUTED RECOVERY
option, 3-34
ENABLE DISTRIBUTED RECOVERY
option, 3-34
ANALYZE command
distributed transactions, 2-26
application development
in a distributed database environment, 5-1
using Heterogeneous Services, 8-1
Application development with Heterogeneous Services, 8-1
applications
development
constraints, 5-3
database links
controlling connections, 5-2
distributing data, 5-2
referential integrity, 5-3
remote connections
terminating, 5-2
errors
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR()
procedure, 5-4
AUTHENTICATED BY, 2-8
authentication mechanism, 4-2

B

bind queries
executing, 8-7
BIND_INOUT_VARIABLE, 8-3
BIND_INOUT_VARIABLE procedure, 8-7
BIND_OUT_VARIABLE, 8-3
BIND_OUT_VARIABLE procedure, 8-6
BIND_VARIABLE, 8-3
buffering multiple rows, 8-8

C

calls
remote procedure, 1-11
CATHS.SQL
script to install data dictionary tables and views for HS, 7-4
certificates, 4-2
character sets, A-7
class Information
installation, 7-5
classes, 7-2
class-level initialization parameters, 7-10
client/server architectures
direct and indirect connections, 1-2
distributed databases and, 1-2
clients
role in distributed transactions, 3-6
CLOSE DATABASE LINK option, 5-2
CLOSE_CURSOR, 8-3
Comments
in COMMITstatements, 3-22
commit
forcing, 3-30
COMMIT command
COMMENT parameter, 3-22, 3-33
FORCE option, 3-30
forcing, 3-21
two-phase commit and, 1-12
commit phase, 3-3, 3-14
commit point site, 3-8, A-2
commit point strength and, 3-8
determining, 3-9
COMMIT_POINT_STRENGTH parameter, A-2
committing transactions
distributed
commit point site, 3-8
connected user database link, 2-11
connections
changing hold time, 3-32
remote
terminating, 5-2
constraints
application development issues, 5-3
ORA-02055
constrain violation, 5-4
COPY_INST procedure, 7-15
CREATE ROLE statement, 4-5
CREATE USER statement, 4-4
CREATE_FDS_INST
DBMS_HS procedure to register
instances, 7-6
CREATE_INST_INIT procedure, 7-7
cursors, 8-7
and closing database links, 5-2
re-using, 8-8

D

d Instance, 7-2
dabase links
resolution, 2-14
Data Definition Language (DDL)
distributed transactions, 2-26
Data Dictionary
installing for Heterogeneous Services,
7-4
data dictionary
views 7-9
ALL, 2-19
DBA_DB_LINKS, 2-19
TRUSTED_SERVERS, 4-7
USER, 2-19
data dictionary tables, 6-3
Data manipulation statements (DML)
allowed in distributed transactions, 1-10
Database link
for a foreign system, 7-7
database link
connected user, 2-11
fixed user, 2-10
database links
and Heterogeneous Services, 6-5
closing, 5-2
controlling connections, 5-2
creating shared, 2-8
data dictionary views
ALL, 2-19
DBA_DB_LINKS, 2-19
USER, 2-19
dropping, 2-19
listing, 2-19
minimizing network connections, 2-6
overview of, 1-5
shared, 2-6
configurations, 2-8
to multi-threaded (MTS) servers, 2-9
databases
administration, 2-1
controlling trust, 4-7
distributed
site autonomy of, 1-14
managing
Server Manager, 1-17
trust, 4-7
datatypes
mapping, 6-3
Date
defining format, A-9
DB_DOMAIN initialization parameter, 7-7
DB_DOMAIN parameter, A-3
DB_INTERNAL_NAME parameter, A-4
DB_NAME parameter, A-5
DBA_2PC_PENDING view, 3-29
DBA_DB_LINKS
data dictionary view, 2-19
DBMS_DISTRIBUTED_TRUST_ADMIN package, 4-7
DBMS_HS package, 7-15
DBMS_HS_PASSTHROUGH
list of functions and procedures, 8-3
DBMS_HS_PASSTHROUGH package, 8-2
DBMS_HS_PASSTHROUGH.
EXECUTE_IMMEDIATE, C-16
declarative referential integrity constraints, 5-3
digital identities, 4-2
disabling
recoverer process, 3-34
distinguished name, 4-4
distributed applications
distributing data, 5-2
distributed database systems
assigning global roles, 4-5
distributing an application's data, 5-2
location transparency, 2-20
location transparency using synonyms, 2-22
referential integrity
application development, 5-3
security, 4-1
transparency
queries, 2-25
updates, 2-25
distributed databases
commit point strength, 3-8
database links, 1-5
diagrammed, 1-2
distributed queries, 1-10
distributed updates, 1-10
global object names, 1-6
management tools, 1-17
nodes of, 1-2
overview of, 1-2
remote queries and updates, 1-10
site autonomy of, 1-14
testing features, 3-33
transparency of, 1-12
distributed external procedure
process architecture, 6-7
Distributed external procedures
data dictionary views, 7-9
installation, 7-6
distributed external procedures, 6-4
distributed queries
application development issues, 5-3
distributed systems
remote object security, 2-22
distributed transactions
clients role, 3-6
commit point site, 3-8
commit point strength, 3-8
database server role, 3-6
defined, 1-11
failure during, 3-19-3-20
forcing to fail, 3-33
global coordinator, 3-7
hold time, 3-32
limiting number, 3-18
limiting number of, 3-32
local coordinator, 3-7
locked resources, 3-20
management, 3-1
manually overriding in-doubt, 3-21
read-only, 3-17
recovery in single-process systems, 3-35
restrictions, 2-26
session tree, 3-5
setting advice, 3-22
troubleshooting, 3-19
two-phase commit
example, 3-11
when committed, 3-8
DISTRIBUTED_LOCK_TIMEOUT
parameter
controlling time-outs with, 3-20
DISTRIBUTED_RECOVERY_
CONNECTION_HOLD_TIME
parameter
setting, 3-32
DISTRIBUTED_TRANSACTIONS
parameter
recoverer process (RECO), 3-18
setting, 3-18, 3-32
when to alter, 3-18
dropping
database links, 2-19
dynamic linked libraries, 6-7

E

enabling
recoverer process, 3-34
enqueue procedure, 6-8
enterprise roles, 4-6
creating in Oracle Security Server, 4-6
definition, 4-6
environmentally-dependent SQL functions, 2-26
errors
application development, 5-4
distributed transactions, 3-19
messages
trapping, 5-4
ORA-00900
SQL error, 5-4
ORA-01591, 3-20
ORA-02015
SQL error, 5-4
ORA-02049, 3-20
ORA-02050, 3-19
ORA-02051, 3-19
ORA-02054, 3-19
ORA-02055
integrity constrain violation, 5-4
ORA-02067
rollback required, 5-4
ORA-06510
PL/SQL error, 5-5
remote procedures, 5-4
examples
manual transaction override, 3-23
EXCEPTION
PL/SQL keyword, 5-4
exception handler, 5-4
local, 5-5
exceptions
assigning names
PRAGMA_EXCEPTION_INIT, 5-4
remote procedures, 5-4
user-defined
PL/SQL, 5-4
EXECUTE_IMMEDIATE, 8-3
restrictions, 8-4
EXECUTE_NON_QUERY, 8-3
external_name string, 4-4

F

FETCH_ROW, 8-3
FETCH_ROW procedure, 8-7
fetching, 8-8
optimizing round-trips, 8-8
fetching rows, 8-8
forcing
COMMIT or ROLLBACK, 3-21, 3-29
foreign key, 5-3
Foreign system
global name, A-5

G

gateways, 1-8
GET_VALUE, 8-3
GET_VALUE procedure, 8-6-8-7
global coordinator, 3-7
global data inconsistency, 8-3
global database name, 2-2
global names
resolution, 2-17
global naming, 2-2
global object names, 2-2
global role, 4-2
global roles, 4-5
and external roles, 4-5
creating, 4-5
granting privileges, 4-5
naming conflicts, 4-5
global users, 4-2-4-3
creating, 4-3
creating in the local database, 4-4
defining in the Oracle Security Server,
4-4
naming conflicts, 4-4
GLOBAL_NAMES initialization parameter, 2-2
GRANT statement
global roles, 4-5

H

heterogeneity transparency, 1-8
Heterogeneous Services
agents, 6-6
application development issues, 8-1
concepts, 6-1
overview, 1-8
process architecture, 6-6
hold time
changing, 3-32
HPsOpenView', 1-18
HS_ALL_INITS, 7-10
HS_CLASS_INIT, 7-10
HS_EXTERNAL_OBJECTS data dictionary view, 7-14
HS_FDS_CLASS data dictionary view, 7-10
HS_FDS_INST, 7-10
HS_INST_INIT, 7-10

I

IBMsNetView/6000', 1-18
IN bind variables, 8-5
IN OUT bind variables, 8-6
in-doubt transactions, 3-4
after a system failure, 3-19
forcing a commit, 3-30
forcing a rollback, 3-30
intentionally creating, 3-33
overriding manually, 3-21
pending transactions table, 3-29
recoverer process, 3-34
rollback segments, 3-21
rolling back, 3-30-3-31
Initialization Parameters, 7-15
Initialization parameters
specifying, 7-6
Instance-level initialization parameters,
7-10
Instances
registering, 7-6
integrity constraints
ORA-02055
constraint violation, 5-4

J

joins, 2-25

K

keys
primary, 5-3
unique, 5-3

L

Language, A-7
LANGUAGE parameter, A-7
large data sets, 8-2
Listener, 7-5
listing database links, 2-19
local coordinator, 3-7
Location Transparency, 7-8
location transparency, 2-20
using procedures, 2-24
LOCK TABLE command
in distributed transactions, 2-26
locks
in distributed transactions, 3-20
LONG columns, 2-26
LONG RAW columns, 2-26

M

messages
error
trapping, 5-4
messaging sustems, 6-4
multiple rows
bufferung, 8-8
multi-threaded (MTS) servers and shared
database links, 2-9
multi-threaded server mode, 2-6

N

name resolution
in distributed databases, 1-6
National Language Support (NLS)
clients and servers may diverge, 1-19
Net8 Listener, 6-6
network connections
minimizing, 2-6
networks
distributed databases use of, 1-2
security, 4-1
NLS_DATE_FORMAT parameter, A-9
NLS_DATE_LANGUAGE parameter, A-10
NO_DATA_FOUND
PL/SQL keyword, 5-4
NO_DATA_FOUND exception, 8-7
non-queries
passthrough SQL, 8-3

O

object names
resolving partial, 2-16
objects
referencing with synonyms, 2-22
Open Gateways, 1-8
OPEN_CURSOR, 8-3
OPEN_LINKS initializtion parameter, 2-19
operating system dependencies, C-1
ORA-00900
SQL error, 5-4
ORA-02015
SQL error, 5-4
ORA-02055
integrity constraint violation, 5-4
ORA-02067
rollback required, 5-4
ORA-06510
PL/SQL error, 5-5
Oracle Security Server, 4-2
operations, 4-2
Oracle Security Server Manager, 4-4, 4-6
OUT Bind Variables, 8-6
OUT bind variables, 8-6

P

parent/child table relationships
maintaining, 5-3
PARSE, 8-3
partial global object name, 2-16
Pass-through SQL, 8-2
pass-through SQL
avoiding SQL interpretation, 8-2
non queries, 8-3
overview, 8-2
queries, 8-3
restrictions, 8-2
pass-through SQL statements
executing, 8-3
pass-through SQL statements with bind
variables, 8-4
pending transaction tables, 3-29
PL/SQL
error
ORA-06510, 5-5
user-defined exceptions, 5-4
PL/SQL development environment, 8-2
PL/SQL external procedures, 6-4
PRAGMA_EXCEPTION_INIT
assigning exception names, 5-4
prepare phase, 3-3
recognizing read-only nodes, 3-17
prepare/commit phases
abort response, 3-3
effects of failure, 3-20
failures during, 3-19
forcing to fail, 3-33
locked resources, 3-20
pending transaction table, 3-29
prepared response, 3-3
read-only response, 3-3
testing recovery, 3-33
primary
key, 5-3
privileges
closing a database link, 5-3
committing in-doubt transactions, 3-31
managing with procedures, 2-25
managing with synonyms, 2-23
managing with views, 2-22
rolling back in-doubt transactions, 3-31
Procedural service, 6-3
PROCEDURE ALLOW_ALL, 4-7
PROCEDURE ALLOW_SERVER (server IN VARCHAR2), 4-7
procedure calls
remote, 1-11
PROCEDURE DENY_ALL, 4-7
PROCEDURE DENY_SERVER (server IN VARCHAR2), 4-7
procedures
location transparency using, 2-24
remote
error handling, 5-4
process architecture for distributed external procedures, 6-7
public database link
connected user, 2-11
fixed user, 2-10
public fixed user database link, 2-10
public key cryptology, 4-2

Q

Queries
pass-through SQL, 8-7
queries
distributed, 1-10
application development issues, 5-3
distributed or remote, 1-10
during prepare phase, 3-3
location transparency and, 1-13
passthrough SQL, 8-3
post-processing, 5-3
remote, 5-3
remote execution, 5-3
transparency, 2-25
queuing system, 6-4

R

RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR procedure
remote procedures, 5-4
read-only transactions
distributed, 3-17
recover in-doubt transaction dialog, 3-30
recoverer process (RECO)
disabling, 3-34
distributed transaction recovery, 3-34
DISTRIBUTED_TRANSACTIONS
parameter, 3-18
enabling, 3-34
pending transaction table, 3-34
recovery
testing distributed transactions, 3-33
referential integrity
distributed database systems
application development, 5-3
using triggers to enforce, 5-3
remote data
querying, 2-25
updating, 2-25
remote procedure calls, 6-4
remote procedure calls (RPCs), 1-11
remote procedures
error handling
application development, 5-4
remote queries, 5-3
execution, 5-3
post-processing, 5-3
remote transactions, 1-11
restriction
distributed transactions, 2-26
rollback
forcing, 3-30
ROLLBACK command
FORCE option, 3-30
forcing, 3-21
rollback segments
in-doubt distributed transactions, 3-21
rollbacks
ORA-02067 error, 5-4
rows
buffering multiple, 8-8
fetching, 8-8
RPC, 1-11
RPCs, 6-4

S

savepoints
in-doubt transactions, 3-31
schema objects
distributed database naming
conventions for, 1-6
global names, 1-6
security
database trust, 4-7
distributed database systems, 4-1
for remote objects, 2-22
using synonyms, 2-23
SELECT ... FOR UPDATE, 2-25
SERVER clause, 2-9
Server Manager, 1-17
servers
role in two-phase commit, 3-6
Service names, 7-7
sessions
setting advice for transactions, 3-22
Setting up access to Foreign Systems, 7-4
Setting, Replacing or Dropping Initialization Parameters, 7-15
shared database links, 2-6
configurations, 2-8
creating, 2-8
to dedicated servers, 2-8
to multi-threaded (MTS) servers, 2-9
SHARED keyword, 2-8
shared SQL for remote and distributed
statements, 2-26
Simple Network Management Protocol
(SNMP) support
database management, 1-18
single-process systems
enabling distributed recovery, 3-35
site autonomy, 1-14
SQL capabilities
data dictionary tables, 7-12
SQL dialect, 6-3
SQL errors
ORA-00900, 5-4
ORA-02015, 5-4
SQL service, 6-3
capabilities, 6-3
data dictionary views, 7-9
SQL statement
reducing parsing, 8-4
SQL statements
distributed databases and, 1-10
mapping to non-Oracle datastores, 8-2
multiple, 8-4
stored procedures
distributed query creation, 5-3
managing privileges, 2-25
remote object security, 2-25
subqueries, 2-25
in remote updates, 1-10
SunSoftsSunNetManager', 1-18
synonyms
CREATE command, 2-22
definition and creation, 2-22
examples, 2-23
location transparency using, 2-22
managing privileges, 2-23
name resolution, 2-17
remote object security, 2-23
System Change Number (SCN)
in-doubt transactions, 3-31
system change numbers (SCN)
coordination in a distributed database system, 3-16

T

3GL routine names, 6-4
tables
parent/child relationships
maintaining across nodes, 5-3
third generation language (3GL) routines,
6-4
transaction management
overview, 3-2
transactions
closing database links, 5-2
distributed
read-only, 3-17
restrictions, 2-26
two-phase commit and, 1-12
in-doubt, 3-4
after a system failure, 3-19
pending transactions table, 3-29
recoverer process (RECO) and, 3-34
manual overriding in-doubt, 3-21
read-only
distributed, 3-17
transactions folder
forcing a commit
Enterprise Manager, 3-30
forcing a rollback
Enterprise Manager, 3-30
transparency, 2-20
location
using procedures, 2-24
query, 2-25
update, 2-25
triggers
distributed query creation, 5-3
enforcing referential integrity, 5-3
maintaining parent/child table
relationships across nodes, 5-3
troubleshooting
distributed transactions, 3-19
trust between databases, 4-7
trusted databases
administering, 4-7
TRUSTED_SERVER
data dictionary view, 4-7
two-phase commit
commit phase, 3-4, 3-14
described, 1-12
example of, 3-11
prepare phase, 3-3
recognizing read-only nodes, 3-17

U

unique key, 5-3
updates
location transparency and, 1-13
transparency, 2-25
USER
data dictionary view, 2-19
user-defined exceptions
PL/SQL, 5-4

V

Variables
BIND, 8-4
variables
IN bind, 8-5
IN OUT bind, 8-6
views
location transparency using, 2-20
managing privileges with, 2-22
name resolution, 2-17
remote object security, 2-22
vriables
OUT bind, 8-6

X

X.509 certificate standard, 4-4


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