Oracle8 Parallel Server Concepts & Administration
Release 8.0

A54639_01

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Preface

This manual describes the Oracle8 Parallel Server and supplements Oracle8 Server Administrator's Guide and Oracle8 Server Concepts.

This manual prepares you to successfully implement parallel processing by providing a thorough presentation of the concepts and procedures involved. Information in this manual applies to the Oracle8 Parallel Server running on all operating systems.

Audience

This manual is written for database administrators and application developers who work with a parallel server.

How Oracle8 Parallel Server Is Organized

This manual is divided into the parts and chapters described below.

Part I: Parallel Processing Fundamentals

Chapter 1: Parallel Processing & Parallel Databases

This chapter introduces parallel processing and parallel database technologies, which offer great advantages for online transaction processing and decision support applications.

Chapter 2: Successfully Implementing Parallel Processing

This chapter explains how to attain the goals of speedup and scaleup, by effectively implementing parallel processing and parallel database technology.

Chapter 3: Parallel Hardware Architecture

This chapter describes the range of available hardware implementations which allow parallel processing, and surveys their advantages and disadvantages.

Part II: Oracle Parallel Server Concepts

Chapter 4: How Oracle Implements Parallel Processing

This chapter gives a high-level view of how the Oracle Parallel Server provides high performance parallel processing.

Chapter 5: Oracle Instance Architecture for the Parallel Server

This chapter explains features of Oracle multi-instance architecture which differ from an Oracle server in exclusive mode.

Chapter 6: Oracle Database Architecture for the Parallel Server

This chapter describes features of Oracle database architecture that pertain to the multiple instances of a parallel server.

Chapter 7: Overview of Locking Mechanisms

This chapter provides an overview of internal Oracle Parallel Server locking mechanisms.

Chapter 8: Integrated Distributed Lock Manager: Access to Resources

This chapter explains the role of the Integrated Distributed Lock Manager in controlling access to resources in a parallel server.

Chapter 9: Parallel Cache Management Instance Locks

This chapter provides a conceptual overview of PCM locks. The planning and allocation of PCM locks is one of the most complex tasks facing the Oracle Parallel Server database administrator.

Chapter 10: Non-PCM Instance Locks

This chapter describes some of the most common non-PCM instance locks.

Chapter 11: Space Management and Free List Groups

This chapter explains space management concepts.

Chapter 12: Application Analysis

This chapter provides a conceptual framework for optimizing OPS application design.

Part III: OPS System Development Procedures

Chapter 13: Designing a Database for Parallel Server

This chapter prescribes a general methodology for designing systems optimized for the Oracle Parallel Server.

Chapter 14: Creating a Database & Objects for Multiple Instances

This chapter describes aspects of database creation that are specific to a parallel server.

Chapter 15: Allocating PCM Instance Locks

This chapter explains how to allocate PCM locks to datafiles by specifying values for parameters in the initialization file of an instance.

Chapter 16: Ensuring IDLM Capacity for All Resources & Locks

This chapter explains how to reduce contention for shared resources and gain maximum performance from the parallel server by ensuring that adequate space is available in the Integrated Distributed Lock Manager for all the necessary locks and resources.

Chapter 17: Using Free List Groups to Partition Data

This chapter explains how to allocate free lists and free list groups to partition data. By doing this you can minimize contention for free space when using multiple instances.

Part IV: OPS System Maintenance Procedures

Chapter 18: Administering Multiple Instances

This chapter describes how to administer instances of a parallel server.

Chapter 19: Tuning the System to Optimize Performance

This chapter provides an overview of tuning issues.

Chapter 20: Monitoring Views & Tuning a Parallel Server

This chapter describes how to monitor performance of a parallel server by querying data dictionary views and dynamic performance views. It also explains how to tune a parallel server.

Chapter 21: Backing Up the Database

This chapter explains how to protect your data by archiving the online redo log files and periodically backing up the datafiles, the control file for your database, and the parameter files for your instances.

Chapter 22: Recovering the Database

This chapter describes Oracle recovery features on a parallel server.

Chapter 23: Migrating from Single Instance to Parallel Server

This chapter describes database conversion from a single instance Oracle8 database to a multi-instance Oracle8 database using the parallel server option.

Part V: Reference

Appendix A: Differences from Previous Versions

This appendix describes the differences between this release and previous releases of the Parallel Server Option.

Appendix B: Restrictions

This appendix lists restrictions for the parallel server.

Conventions Used in This Manual

This manual uses different fonts to represent different types of information.

Text of the Manual

The following sections describe the conventions used in the text of this manual.

UPPERCASE Characters

Uppercase text is used to call attention to command keywords, object names, parameters, filenames, and so on.

For example, "If you create a private rollback segment, the name must be included in the ROLLBACK_SEGMENTS parameter of the parameter file."

Italicized Characters

Italicized words within text indicate the definition of a word, book titles, or emphasized words.

An example of a definition is the following: "A database is a collection of data to be treated as a unit. The general purpose of a database is to store and retrieve related information, as needed."

An example of a reference to another book is the following: "For more information, see Oracle8 Server Tuning."

An example of an emphasized word is the following: "You must back up your database regularly."

Code Examples

SQL and SQL*Plus commands or statements appear separated from the text of paragraphs in a monospaced font. For example:

INSERT INTO emp (empno, ename) VALUES (1000, 'SMITH'); 
ALTER TABLESPACE users ADD DATAFILE 'users2.ora' SIZE 50K; 

Example statements may include punctuation, such as commas or quotation marks. All punctuation in example statements is required. All example statements terminate with a semicolon (;). Depending on the application, a semicolon or other terminator may or may not be required to end a statement.

Uppercase words in example statements indicate the keywords within Oracle SQL. When issuing statements, however, keywords are not case sensitive.

Lowercase words in example statements indicate words supplied only for the context of the example. For example, lowercase words may indicate the name of a table, column, or file.

Your Comments Are Welcome

We value and appreciate your comments as an Oracle user and reader of the manuals. As we write, revise, and evaluate our documentation, your opinions are the most important input we receive. At the back of this manual is a Reader's Comment Form which we encourage you to use to tell us what you like and dislike about this manual or other Oracle manuals.

Server Technologies Documentation Manager
Oracle Corporation
500 Oracle Parkway
Redwood City, CA 94065 U.S.A.
FAX: 415-506-7200




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