443 topics  Spring 2009      last modified  1/28   2:30pm




          Jan. 26
                      Discussion of the class and 'point system' used
                      for grading

                      description of the fundamental ideas of cryptology
                      basic terms and their meanings
           ------------------------------------------------------------

          Jan. 28
                      Continuation of the basic cryptologic setting.
                      example of earliest methods
                      
  	              fundamentals of cryptology
		        cryptography and cryptanalysis
.		        cryptographic framework
			  plaintext, ciphertext, key, transformations, spaces
			  symmetrical encryption
			  example---
				simple substitution, viewed as permutation
				non-standard alphabets

		     cryptanalysis framework and terms
			ciphertext only, known plaintext, chosen plaintext
			chosen ciphertext


        
		simple substitution
			basic description
				classically 'character' substitution
				but -- bit string substitution
				efficient representation of key

				examples------
					Caesar cipher - discussion
					plaintext, ciphertext, key space
					affine ciphers
				        	basic form, notion of a model
						congruence, computational framework
						Z/n integers mod n



             -------------------------------------------------------------
           
         

     Feb. 2    	computational framework continued, notion, interpretation
		 of negative numbers, multiplicative and additive identities,
			inverses, rings, zero divisors, solving computational
			congruences

		some improvements and types of monoalphabetic substitution---

			a) Playfair cipher
			b) Hill Cipher
				linear algebra over Z/n , example
				the idea of a block cipher
				as a transposition cipher
                                at the binary level Z/2
			c) homophonic ciphers
				practical method of construction
				example, brief mention of Beale ciphers

			d) fractionated Morse code
           ---------------------------------------------------------
	

    Feb. 4		Polyalphabetic substitution
			definition
			example - Alberti wheel

                        Vigenere's cipher 


                LFSR stream ciphers.
                        Example using a four bit register. 

                        breaking the LFSR
                        choosing the taps

              
      

                      Loose ends

                            Finite fields
                               Galois fields GF(2^n)
                                 example
                               groups
                                 Rubik's cube
------------------------------------------------------------------

        Feb. 9

                  discussion of entropy       

                     entropy
                         properties
                         entropy of key space , equivocation
                            character entropy, unicity distance


                         example
                         unicity distance


                      cryptanalysis
                           simple substitution
                             interactive, automated
                                  borodkin,,and genetic approach

                     started discussing columnar transposition

              --------------------------------------------------------





     Feb.   11
                       Cryptoanalysis continued...Vigenere, Hill's cipher,
                          LFSR





                         Famous unsolved ciphers ---
                       
                       Beale cipher ...gold in Virginia ?
                       Elgar's cipher
                       Poe's cipher...and its solution
                       Voynich manuscript...what is this?
                       
              ---------------------------------------------------

                       Poe's cipher...and its solution
                       Voynich manuscript...what is this?
                        Kryptos...cipher at CIA Langley 
                        Zodiac - cipher of a serial killer
       
    Feb. 16        entropy and key equivocation

           
               ---------------------------------------------------
      
                   Intractable problems

                       general discussion

             intractable problems, P, NP computational complexity
                       discussion
                       examples
                          satisfiability
                          Hamiltonian circuit, TSP
                          solving non-linear equations over Z/2
                       relationship to crypto systems



                              Compendium  of N
P optimization problems

       The Ham
iltonian Page  Hamiltonian Cycle and Path problems
      NP Comp
lete  NIST
       NP hard 

 

             
                   block ciphers
                   DES
    Feb. 18          design
                     CBC, 

            
                   
                  intractable problems, P, NP computational complexity
                       discussion
                       examples
                          satisfiability
                          Hamiltonian circuit, TSP
                          solving non-linear equations over Z/2
                       relationship to crypto systems



                              Compendium  of N
P optimization problems

       The Ham
iltonian Page  Hamiltonian Cycle and Path problems
      NP Comp
lete  NIST
       NP hard 

              NP Complete  Wikipedia
       Compendium  of NP optimization problems

       The Hamiltonian Page  Hamiltonian Cycle and Path problems
      NP Complete  NIST
       NP hard 
 

             
                   block ciphers
                   DES
    Feb. 18          design
                     CBC, 

            


              ----------------------------------------------------
                   
    Feb/ 23        DES continued....attacks on DES

               
           breaking DES  using a molecular computer
           breaking DES  in record time of 22 hours (1999)
           comments on DES  and open design

                   

                   structure of AES
                   brief description of Knapsack cipher
              ----------------------------------------------------

    Feb. 25              Exam  1

              ----------------------------------------------------
         
    March 3      UMBC cancelled

              ----------------------------------------------

  
                 more on Knapsack cipher
    March 5 
              Spillman's paper on cryptanalysis of knapsack ciphers using
              genetic algorithms
     http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/content~content=a748639242~db=all~order=page

             ------------------------------------------------







    March 11

      

          ***turn in  *****   HW1     Ciphers  1-3


   


    March 15  ---  Spring Break


    March 20  ---  Spring Break


    March 25
                   ***** projects from Unit 1 due  *******

                    RSA
                               RSA
                  fundamentals
                  definition of e,d
                  verification of the method
                      implementation of the method
                  primes and their propterties
                  The Prime Number Theorem



    March 27  ----  EXAM  2

    
    April  6




    April  8
              guess speaker   Jeffrey Walton
               "Cryptography in the Real World"


    April  13




    April  15


    April  20



    April  22


    April  27





    April  29  Dr. Larry Waggoner -- guest speaker

               "NSA"



    May 4    Prof. Lomonaco -- guest speaker

             "Quantum Computation"



   May  6     Quantum Cryptography.........class evaluations
 
>
             
mathword.wolfram.com...very nice site for Prime numbers
Primes and complexity FAQ
A very nice mathematics site
a nice site on primes ...comprehensive
prime number research, records, news, definitions...
note on 1996 discovery of Mersenne prime and list of other Mersenne primes
factoring examples
RSA Challenge numbers
article twenty years of attacks on RSA planetmath quadratic sieve Wikipedia quadratic sieve Parallel quadratic sieve using MPI distributed quadratic sieve quadratic sieve with grid computing ------------------------------------------------------------------------- March 30 discussion of factoring...Pollard's p-1 method, Pollard's rho Diffie Hellman key exchange was given; some discussion given to 'the man in the middle'. the discrete log problem was mentioned --------------------------------------------------------- April 1 Hashing was discussed. --------------------------------------------------------- April 6 discusssion of quadratic residues. The easy case still needs to be resolved. A Las Vegas Algorithm for finding square roots of quadratic residues as given. Hashing continued...the birthday problem brief discussion of 'Secret Sharing' --------------------------------------------------------------- April 8 Jeff Walton is our guest speaker. He spoke on applications of cryptography to the real world 'Protecting Data in the Field' ---------------------------------------------------------------- April 13 We will continue with secret sharing