HOW TO PROVE IT Proof by Example: The author gives only the case n = 2 and suggests that it contains most of the ideas of the general Proof. Proof by Intimidation: 'Trivial'. Proof by Vigorous Handwaving: Works well in a classroom or seminar setting. Proof by Cumbersome Notation: Best done with access to at least four alphabets and special symbols. Proof by Exhaustion: An issue or two of a journal devoted to your proof is useful. Proof by Omission: 'The reader may easily supply the details' 'The other 253 cases are analogous' '...' Proof by Obfuscation: A long plotless sequence of true and/or meaningless syntactically related statements. Proof by Wishful Citation: The author cites the negation, converse, or generalization of a theorem from the literature to support his claims. Proof by Funding: How could three different government agencies be wrong? Proof by Eminent Authority: 'I saw Karp in the elevator and he said it was probably NP-complete.' Proof by Personal Communication: 'Eight-dimensional colored cycle stripping is NP-complete [Karp, personal communication].' Proof by Reduction to the Wrong Problem: 'To see that infinite- dimensional colored cycle stripping is decidable, we reduce it to the halting problem.' Proof by Reference to Inaccessible Literature: The author cites a simple corollary of a theorem to be found in a privately circulated memoir of the Slovenian Philological Society, 1883. Proof by Importance: A large body of useful consequences all follow from the proposition in question. Proof by Accumulated Evidence: Long and diligent search has not revealed a counterexample. Proof by Cosmology: The negation of the proposition is unimaginable or meaningless. Popular for Proofs of the existence of God. Proof by Mutual Reference: In reference A, Theorem 5 is said to follow from Theorem 3 in reference B, which is shown to follow from Corollary 6.2 in reference C, which is an easy consequence of Theorem 5 in reference A. Proof by Meta Proof: A method is given to construct the desired proof. The correctness of the method is proved by any of these techniques. Proof by Picture: A more convincing form of Proof by example. Combines well with Proof by Omission. Proof by Vehement Assertion: It is useful to have some kind of authority relation to the audience. Proof by Ghost Reference: Nothing even remotely resembling the cited theorem appears in the reference given. Proof by Forward Reference: Reference is usually to a forthcoming paper of the author, which is often not as forthcoming as at first. Proof by Semantic Shift: Some of the standard but inconvenient definitions are changed for the statement of the result. Proof by Appeal to Intuition: Cloud-shaped drawings frequently help here. (Originally from Kevin Lyda, State U of New York at Buffalo)