Oracle8i Distributed Database Systems
Release 8.1.5

A67784-01

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Numerics

3GL routine names, 5-4

A

abort message, 3-4
access
remote integrity constraints and objects, 4-3
administration
distributed databases, 2-1
agent self-registration, 6-14
Agents, 5-5
Agent-specific initialization parameters, 6-4
aggregates, 2-25
ALL
data dictionary view, 2-20
ALTER SESSION
system privilege, 4-2
ALTER SESSION command
ADVISE option, 3-22
CLOSE DATABASE LINK option, 4-2
ALTER SYSTEM command
DISABLE DISTRIBUTED RECOVERY option, 3-34
ENABLE DISTRIBUTED RECOVERY option, 3-34
ANALYZE command
distributed transactions, 2-26
analyze tables, 4-6
application development
in a distributed database environment, 4-1
using Heterogeneous Services, 7-1
Application development with Heterogeneous Services, 7-1
applications
development
constraints, 4-3
database links, controlling connections, 4-2
distributing data, 4-2
referential integrity, 4-3
remote connections, terminating, 4-2
errors
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR() procedure, 4-11
AUTHENTICATED BY, 2-8

B

bind queries
executing, 7-7
BIND_INOUT_VARIABLE, 7-3
BIND_INOUT_VARIABLE procedure, 7-6
BIND_OUT_VARIABLE, 7-3
BIND_OUT_VARIABLE procedure, 7-6
BIND_VARIABLE, 7-3
buffering multiple rows, 7-8

C

calls
remote procedure, 1-12
CATHO.SQL
script to install data dictionary tables and views for HS, 6-2
Character sets, A-7
clients
role in distributed transactions, 3-6
client/server architectures
direct and indirect connections, 1-2
distributed databases and, 1-2
CLOSE DATABASE LINK option, 4-2
CLOSE_CURSOR, 7-3
collocated inline view, 4-4
Comments
in COMMIT statements, 3-22
commit
forcing, 3-31
COMMIT command
COMMENT parameter, 3-22, 3-33
FORCE option, 3-31
forcing, 3-21
two-phase commit and, 1-13
Commit phase, 3-15
commit phase, 3-3, 3-4
Commit point site, A-2
commit point site, 3-8
commit point strength and, 3-9
determining, 3-10
COMMIT_POINT_STRENGTH parameter, A-2
committing transactions
distributed
commit point site, 3-8
connected user database link, 2-11
connections
changing hold time, 3-32
remote
terminating, 4-2
constraints
application development issues, 4-3
ORA-02055
constrain violation, 4-3
cost based optimization, 1-10, 4-5
hints, 4-7
CREATE_INST_INIT procedure, 6-14
cursors, 7-7
and closing database links, 4-2

D

Data Definition Language (DDL)
distributed transactions, 2-26
Data Dictionary
installing for Heterogeneous Services, 6-2
data dictionary
views
ALL, 2-20
DBA_DB_LINKS, 2-20
USER, 2-20
data dictionary tables, 5-3
data dictionary view
TRUSTED_SERVERS, D-1
Data Dictionary Views, 6-7
Data manipulation statements (DML)
allowed in distributed transactions, 1-11
Database link
for a foreign system, 6-4
database link
connected user, 2-11
fixed user, 2-10
database links
and Heterogeneous Services, 5-4
closing, 4-2
controlling connections, 4-2
creating shared, 2-8
data dictionary views
ALL, 2-20
DBA_DB_LINKS, 2-20
USER, 2-20
dropping, 2-19
listing, 2-20
minimizing network connections, 2-6
overview of, 1-6
resolution, 2-14
shared, 2-6
configurations, 2-8
to multi-threaded (MTS) servers, 2-10
databases
administration, 2-1
distributed
site autonomy of, 1-16
managing
Server Manager, 1-19
datatypes
mapping, 5-3
Date
defining format, A-9
DB_DOMAIN initialization parameter, 6-14
DB_DOMAIN parameter, A-3
DB_INTERNAL_NAME parameter, A-4
DB_NAME parameter, A-5
DBA_2PC_PENDING view, 3-29
DBA_DB_LINKS
data dictionary view, 2-20
DBMS_DISTRIBUTED_TRUST_ADMIN.ALLOW_DATABASE, D-4
DBMS_DISTRIBUTED_TRUST_ADMIN.DENY_ ALL, D-2
DBMS_DISTRIBUTED_TRUST_ADMIN.DENY_DATABASE, D-5
DBMS_HS package, 6-13
DBMS_HS_PASSTHROUGH
list of functions and procedures, 7-3
DBMS_HS_PASSTHROUGH package, 7-2
DBMS_HS_PASSTHROUGH.EXECUTE_IMMEDIATE, C-15
declarative referential integrity constraints, 4-3
DigitalsPOLYCENTERManageronNetView', 1-20
disabling
recoverer process, 3-34
distributed applications
distributing data, 4-2
distributed database systems
distributing an application's data, 4-2
location transparency, 2-20
location transparency using synonyms, 2-22
referential integrity
application development, 4-3
transparency
queries, 2-25
updates, 2-25
distributed databases
commit point strength, 3-9
database links, 1-6
diagrammed, 1-2
distributed queries, 1-11
distributed updates, 1-11
global object names, 1-6
management tools, 1-19
nodes of, 1-2
overview of, 1-2
remote queries and updates, 1-11
site autonomy of, 1-16
testing features, 3-33
transparency of, 1-14
distributed external procedure
process architecture, 5-6
Distributed external procedures
installation, 6-5
distributed external procedures, 5-4
distributed queries, 4-3
analyze tables, 4-6
application development issues, 4-3
collocated inline views, 4-4
cost based optimization, 4-5
tuning, 4-4
distributed query optimization, 1-10
distributed systems
remote object security, 2-22
distributed transactions
clients role, 3-6
commit point site, 3-8
commit point strength, 3-9
database server role, 3-6
defined, 1-12
failure during, 3-19, 3-20
forcing to fail, 3-33
global coordinator, 3-7
hold time, 3-32
limiting number, 3-18
limiting number of, 3-32
local coordinator, 3-7
locked resources, 3-20
management, 3-1
manually overriding in-doubt, 3-21
read-only, 3-17
recovery in single-process systems, 3-35
restrictions, 2-26
session tree, 3-5
setting advice, 3-22
troubleshooting, 3-19
two-phase commit
example, 3-11
when committed, 3-8
DISTRIBUTED_LOCK_TIMEOUT parameter
controlling time-outs with, 3-20
DISTRIBUTED_RECOVERY_CONNECTION_HOLD_TIME parameter
setting, 3-32
DISTRIBUTED_TRANSACTIONS parameter
recoverer process (RECO), 3-18
setting, 3-18, 3-32
when to alter, 3-18
driving_site, 4-8
dropping
database links, 2-19
dynamic linked libraries, 5-6

E

enabling
recoverer process, 3-34
enqueue procedure, 5-7
environmentally-dependent SQL functions, 2-26
errors
application development, 4-4
distributed transactions, 3-19
messages
trapping, 4-11
ORA-00900
SQL error, 4-11
ORA-01591, 3-20
ORA-02015
SQL error, 4-11
ORA-02049, 3-20
ORA-02050, 3-19
ORA-02051, 3-19
ORA-02054, 3-19
ORA-02055
integrity constrain violation, 4-3
ORA-02067
rollback required, 4-3
ORA-06510
PL/SQL error, 4-12
remote procedures, 4-11
examples
manual transaction override, 3-23
EXCEPTION
PL/SQL keyword, 4-11
exception handler, 4-11
local, 4-12
exceptions
assigning names
PRAGMA_EXCEPTION_INIT, 4-11
remote procedures, 4-11
user-defined
PL/SQL, 4-11
EXECUTE_IMMEDIATE, 7-3
restrictions, 7-4
EXECUTE_NON_QUERY, 7-3

F

FDS_CLASS, 6-16
FDS_CLASS_VERSION, 6-16
FDS_INST_NAME, 6-17
FETCH_ROW, 7-3
FETCH_ROW procedure, 7-7
fetching, 7-8
optimizing round-trips, 7-8
fetching rows, 7-8
forcing
COMMIT or ROLLBACK, 3-21, 3-30
foreign key, 4-3
Foreign system
global name, A-5

G

GET_VALUE, 7-3
GET_VALUE procedure, 7-6
global coordinator, 3-7
global data inconsistency, 7-2
global database name, 2-2
global names
resolution, 2-18
global naming, 2-2
global object names, 2-2
global user, 1-18, 2-6, 2-12, 2-13
GLOBAL_NAMES initialization parameter, 2-2

H

Heterogeneous Services
agents, 5-5
application development issues, 7-1
concepts, 5-1
overview, 1-8
process architecture, 5-5
hints, 4-7
driving_site, 4-8
no_merge, 4-8
hold time
changing, 3-32
HP'sOpenView, 1-20
HS_AUTOREGISTER, 6-17
HS_EXTERNAL_OBJECTS data dictionary view, 6-12

I

IBMsNetView/6000', 1-20
IN bind variables, 7-5
IN OUT bind variables, 7-6
in-doubt transactions, 3-4
after a system failure, 3-19
forcing a commit, 3-31
forcing a rollback, 3-31
intentionally creating, 3-33
overriding manually, 3-21
pending transactions table, 3-29
recoverer process, 3-34
rollback segments, 3-21
rolling back, 3-31
Initialization parameters
specifying, 6-13
integrity constraints
ORA-02055
constraint violation, 4-3

J

joins, 2-25

K

keys
primary, 4-3
unique, 4-3

L

Language, A-7
LANGUAGE parameter, A-7
large data sets, 7-2
Listener, 6-2
listing database links, 2-20
local coordinator, 3-7
Location Transparency, 6-5
location transparency, 2-20
using procedures, 2-24
LOCK TABLE command
in distributed transactions, 2-26
locks
in distributed transactions, 3-20
LONG columns, 2-26
LONG RAW columns, 2-26

M

messages
error
trapping, 4-11
messaging systems, 5-3
multiple rows
buffering, 7-8
multi-threaded (MTS) servers and shared database links, 2-10
multi-threaded server mode, 2-6

N

name resolution
in distributed databases, 1-6
National Language Support (NLS)
clients and servers may diverge, 1-20
Net3 listener, 6-2
Net8 Listener, 5-5
network connections
minimizing, 2-6
networks
distributed databases use of', 1-2
NLS_DATE_FORMAT parameter, A-9
NLS_DATE_LANGUAGE parameter, A-11
NO_DATA_FOUND
PL/SQL keyword, 4-11
no_merge, 4-8
non-queries
passthrough SQL, 7-3
NovellsNetWareManagementSystem', 1-20

O

object names
resolving partial, 2-17
objects
referencing with synonyms, 2-22
OPEN_CURSOR, 7-3
OPEN_LINKS initialization parameter, 2-20
operating system dependencies, C-1
ORA-00900
SQL error, 4-11
ORA-02015
SQL error, 4-11
ORA-02055
integrity constraint violation, 4-3
ORA-02067
rollback required, 4-3
ORA-06510
PL/SQL error, 4-12
OUT Bind Variables, 7-6
OUT bind variables, 7-6

P

parent/child table relationships
maintaining, 4-3
PARSE, 7-3
partial global object name, 2-17
Pass-through SQL, 7-2
pass-through SQL
avoiding SQL interpretation, 7-2
overview, 7-2
restrictions, 7-2
passthrough SQL
non queries, 7-3
queries, 7-3
pass-through SQL statements
executing, 7-3
pass-through SQL statements with bind variables, 7-4
pending transaction tables, 3-29
PL/SQL
error
ORA-06510, 4-12
user-defined exceptions, 4-11
PL/SQL development environment, 7-2
PL/SQL external procedures, 5-4
PRAGMA_EXCEPTION_INIT
assigning exception names, 4-11
prepare phase, 3-3
recognizing read-only nodes, 3-17
prepare/commit phases
abort response, 3-3
effects of failure, 3-20
failures during, 3-19
forcing to fail, 3-33
locked resources, 3-20
pending transaction table, 3-29
prepared response, 3-3
read-only response, 3-3
testing recovery, 3-33
primary
key, 4-3
privileges
closing a database link, 4-2
committing in-doubt transactions, 3-31
managing with procedures, 2-25
managing with synonyms, 2-24
managing with views, 2-22
rolling back in-doubt transactions, 3-31
Procedural service, 5-2
procedural services, 6-8
procedure calls
remote, 1-12
procedures
location transparency using, 2-24
remote
error handling, 4-11
process architecture for distributed external procedures, 5-6
public database link
connected user, 2-11
fixed user, 2-10
public fixed user database link, 2-10

Q

Queries
pass-through SQL, 7-7
queries
distributed, 1-11
application development issues, 4-3
distributed or remote, 1-11
during prepare phase, 3-3
location transparency and, 1-15
passthrough SQL, 7-3
post-processing, 4-3
remote, 4-3
remote execution, 4-3
transparency, 2-25
queuing system, 5-3

R

RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR procedure
remote procedures, 4-11
read-only transactions
distributed, 3-17
recover in-doubt transaction dialog, 3-30
recoverer process (RECO)
disabling, 3-34
distributed transaction recovery, 3-34
DISTRIBUTED_TRANSACTIONS parameter, 3-18
enabling, 3-34
pending transaction table, 3-34
recovery
testing distributed transactions, 3-33
referential integrity
distributed database systems
application development, 4-3
using triggers to enforce, 4-3
remote data
querying, 2-26
updating, 2-26
remote procedure calls, 1-12, 5-3
remote procedure calls (RPCs), 1-12
remote procedures
error handling
application development, 4-11
remote queries, 4-3
execution, 4-3
post-processing, 4-3
remote transactions, 1-12
restriction
distributed transactions, 2-26
rollback
forcing, 3-31
ROLLBACK command
FORCE option, 3-31
forcing, 3-21
rollback segments
in-doubt distributed transactions, 3-21
rollbacks
ORA-02067 error, 4-3
rows
buffering multiple, 7-8
fetching, 7-8
RPC, 1-12
RPCs, 5-3

S

savepoints
in-doubt transactions, 3-31
schema objects
distributed database naming conventions for, 1-6
global names, 1-6
security
for remote objects, 2-22
using synonyms, 2-23
SELECT ... FOR UPDATE, 2-25
SERVER clause, 2-9
Server Manager, 1-19
servers
role in two-phase commit, 3-6
Service names, 6-4
sessions
setting advice for transactions, 3-22
Setting up access to Foreign Systems, 6-7
shared database links, 2-6
configurations, 2-8
creating, 2-8
to dedicated servers, 2-9
to multi-threaded (MTS) servers, 2-10
SHARED keyword, 2-8
shared SQL for remote and distributed statements, 2-26
Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) support
database management, 1-20
single-process systems
enabling distributed recovery, 3-35
site autonomy, 1-16
SQL capabilities
data dictionary tables, 6-11
SQL dialect, 5-3
SQL errors
ORA-00900, 4-11
ORA-02015, 4-11
SQL service, 5-2
capabilities, 5-3
data dictionary views, 6-8
SQL statement
reducing parsing, 7-4
SQL statements
distributed databases and, 1-11
mapping to non-Oracle datastores, 7-2
multiple, 7-4
stored procedures
distributed query creation, 4-3
managing privileges, 2-25
remote object security, 2-25
subqueries, 2-25
in remote updates, 1-11
SunSoft'sSunNetManager, 1-20
synonyms
CREATE command, 2-22
definition and creation, 2-22
examples, 2-23
location transparency using, 2-22
managing privileges, 2-24
name resolution, 2-18
remote object security, 2-24
System Change Number (SCN)
in-doubt transactions, 3-32
system change numbers (SCN)
coordination in a distributed database system, 3-17

T

tables
parent/child relationships
maintaining across nodes, 4-3
third generation language (3GL) routines, 5-4
transaction management
overview, 3-2
transactions
closing database links, 4-2
distributed
read-only, 3-17
restrictions, 2-26
two-phase commit and, 1-13
in-doubt, 3-4
after a system failure, 3-19
pending transactions table, 3-29
recoverer process (RECO) and, 3-34
manual overriding in-doubt, 3-21
read-only
distributed, 3-17
transactions folder
forcing a commit
Enterprise Manager, 3-31
forcing a rollback
Enterprise Manager, 3-31
transparency, 2-20
location
using procedures, 2-24
query, 2-25
update, 2-25
triggers
distributed query creation, 4-3
enforcing referential integrity, 4-3
maintaining parent/child table relationships across nodes, 4-3
troubleshooting
distributed transactions, 3-19
TRUSTED_SERVER
data dictionary view, D-1
tuning
analyze tables, 4-6
cost based optimization, 4-5
distributed queries, 4-4
two-phase commit
commit phase, 3-4, 3-15
described, 1-13
example of, 3-11
prepare phase, 3-3
recognizing read-only nodes, 3-17

U

unique key, 4-3
updates
location transparency and, 1-15
transparency, 2-25
USER
data dictionary view, 2-20
user-defined exceptions
PL/SQL, 4-11

V

Variables
BIND, 7-4
variables
IN bind, 7-5
IN OUT bind, 7-6
OUT bind, 7-6
views
location transparency using, 2-20
managing privileges with, 2-22
name resolution, 2-18
remote object security, 2-22


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